AP Psychology - Unit 6 Vocab Flashcards

AP Psychology - Unit 6 Vocab

#vocab#AP Psychology#ap psych#AP Psych Unit 6 Vocab#AP Psych Unit 6

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{"ops":[{"insert":"Accommodation\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"In developmental psychology, the adaption of current schemas, also regarded as understandings, to incorporate new information.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, A.I.D.S.\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"A life-threatening, sexually transmitted infection caused by human immunodeficiency virus, or H.I.V.; such infection depletes the system, leaving the victim vulnerable to infections.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Adolescence\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"The transition period encompassing childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Aggression\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"Any physical or verbal behavior intended to harm someone physically or emotionally.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Alzheimer's Disease\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"A neurocognitive disorder marked by neural plaques, often with onset after eighty years of age, and entailing a progressive decline in memory and other cognitive abilities.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Androgyny\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"Displaying both traditional masculine and feminine psychological characteristics.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Assimilation\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"Interpreting new experiences in terms of existing schemas.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Attachment\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"An emotional tie with another; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to their caregiver, and display of distress upon separation.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Autism Spectrum Disorder, A.S.D.\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"A disorder which appears in childhood, and is marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction, by rapidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Basic Trust\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"According to Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Cognition\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"The mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Concrete Operational Stage\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"In Piaget's Theory, the stage, encompassing seven years to eleven years of age, during which children achieve the mental operations which enable them to think logically regarding concrete events.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Conservation\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"The principle, of which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning, that properties, such as mass, volume, and count, remain constant, despite changes in the forms of objects.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Critical Period\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"An optimal period early in the life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Cross-Sectional Study\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"Research which compares people of different ages at the same point in time.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Developmental Psychology\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"A branch of psychology specializing in physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Egocentrism\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"In Piaget's Theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking in another's point of view.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Embryo\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"That developing human organism encompassing the second week of pregnancy, through the second month of pregnancy.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Emerging Adulthood\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"A period encompassing eighteen years of age to the mid-twenties when many in Western cultures are no longer regarded as adolescents, yet have not achieved full independence as adults.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, F.A.S.\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking; in severe cases, symptoms include a small, out-of-proportion head and abnormal facial features.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Fetus\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"The developing human organism from nine weeks after conception to birth.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Formal Operational Stage\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"In Piaget's Theory, the stage, beginning around twelve years of age, during which logical thoughts regarding abstract concepts begin to form.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Gender\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"In psychology, the socially influenced characteristics through which, \"boy, \"\"girl, \"\"man, \"and, \"woman, \"are defined.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Gender Identity\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"The sense of being male, female, or some other variation thereof.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Gender Role\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"A set of expected behaviors, attitudes, and traits for males or females.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Gender Typing\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Habituation\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"Decreasing responsiveness with repeated exposure to a stimulus.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Identity\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"That sense of oneself; according to Erikson, the task of the adolescent is to solidify a sense of self through testing and integrating various roles.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Imprinting\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"The process by which certain beings form strong attachments during early life.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Insecure Attachment\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"Demonstrated by infants who display either a clinging anxious attachment or an avoidant attachment which resists closeness.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Intersex\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"A condition present at birth due to unusual combinations of male and female chromosomes, hormones, and anatomy; simply, possessing biological characteristics of both sexes.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Intimacy\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"In Erikson's Theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in young adulthood.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Longitudinal Study\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"Research which follows and retests the same beings over time.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Maturation\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"Biological growth processes which enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Menarche\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"The first menstrual period.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Menopause\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"The time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Neurocognitive Disorder, N.C.D.\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"An acquired, yet nonchronic, disorder marked by cognitive defects; often related to Alzheimer's Disease, brain injury or disease, or substance abuse, and was formerly regarded as dementia when referring to such disorders in older adults.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Object Permanence\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"The awareness that things continue to exist, even when not perceived.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Preoperational Stage\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"In Piaget's Theory, the stage, encompassing two to six or seven years of age, during which a child learns to use language, but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Primary Sex Characteristics\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"Those bodily structures, albeit varies, testes, or external genitalia, which make sexual reproduction possible.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Puberty\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"The period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproduction.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Relational Aggression\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"An act of aggression, albeit physical or verbal, with the intention of harming relationships and social standing.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Role\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"A set of expectations, also regarded as norms, about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Scaffold\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"A framework which offers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Schema\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"A concept or framework which organizes and interprets information.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Secondary Sex Characteristics\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"Nonreproductive sexual traits, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Secure Attachment\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"Demonstrated by infants who comfortably explore environments in the presence of their caregiver, they show only temporary distress in the caregiver's exit, and the comfort in their return.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Self-Concept\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"All the thoughts and feelings regarding oneself, in respect to one's identity.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Sensorimotor Stage\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"In Paiget's Theory, the stage, from birth to nearly two years of age, during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Sex\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"In psychology, the biologically influenced characteristics through which the male and female sexes are defined.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Sexual Orientation\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"That enduring sexual attraction, typically toward members of the same or other sex; variations include attraction toward both the sexes.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Social Clock\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"That culturally preferred timing of social events, such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Social Identity\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"That collective aspect of self-concept; one component of identity, based on the membership of a certain group.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Social Learning Theory\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"The theory that social behavior is learned through observation, imitation, reinforcement, and punishment.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Spermarche\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"The first ejaculation.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Strange Situation\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"A procedure for studying child-caregiver attachment; a child is placed in an unfamiliar environment while their caregiver leaves and then returns, and the child's reactions are observed.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Stranger Anxiety\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"The fear of strangers which infants commonly display, beginning by about eight months of age.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Temperament\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"Emotional reactivity and intensity regarding the character of a person.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Teratogens\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"Agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that have the ability to reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm; literally meaning, \"monster makers.\"\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Testosterone\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"That most important male sex hormone; both males and females possess it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs during the fetal period and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Theory of Mind\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"People's ideas about their own and others' mental states; specifically, regarding such feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors they might predict.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Transgender\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"An umbrella term describing people whose gender identity or expression differs from that associated with their birth-designated sex.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"X Chromosome\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"The sex chromosome found in both males and females, with females possessing two X chromosomes, while males possess one; an X chromosome from each parent produces a female child.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Y Chromosome\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"The sex chromosome typically found only in males; when paired with an X chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child.\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"Zygote\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"The fertilized egg; it enters a two-week period of rapid cell division, and develops into an embryo.\n"}]}####

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{"ops":[{"insert":"Accommodation\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"In developmental psychology, the adaption of current schemas, also regarded as understandings, to incorporate new information.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, A.I.D.S.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"A life-threatening, sexually transmitted infection caused by human immunodeficiency virus, or H.I.V.; such infection depletes the system, leaving the victim vulnerable to infections.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Adolescence\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"The transition period encompassing childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Aggression\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Any physical or verbal behavior intended to harm someone physically or emotionally.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Alzheimer's Disease\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"A neurocognitive disorder marked by neural plaques, often with onset after eighty years of age, and entailing a progressive decline in memory and other cognitive abilities.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Androgyny\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Displaying both traditional masculine and feminine psychological characteristics.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Assimilation\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Interpreting new experiences in terms of existing schemas.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Attachment\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"An emotional tie with another; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to their caregiver, and display of distress upon separation.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Autism Spectrum Disorder, A.S.D.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"A disorder which appears in childhood, and is marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction, by rapidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Basic Trust\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"According to Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Cognition\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"The mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Concrete Operational Stage\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"In Piaget's Theory, the stage, encompassing seven years to eleven years of age, during which children achieve the mental operations which enable them to think logically regarding concrete events.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Conservation\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"The principle, of which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning, that properties, such as mass, volume, and count, remain constant, despite changes in the forms of objects.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Critical Period\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"An optimal period early in the life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Cross-Sectional Study\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Research which compares people of different ages at the same point in time.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Developmental Psychology\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"A branch of psychology specializing in physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Egocentrism\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"In Piaget's Theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking in another's point of view.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Embryo\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"That developing human organism encompassing the second week of pregnancy, through the second month of pregnancy.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Emerging Adulthood\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"A period encompassing eighteen years of age to the mid-twenties when many in Western cultures are no longer regarded as adolescents, yet have not achieved full independence as adults.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, F.A.S.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking; in severe cases, symptoms include a small, out-of-proportion head and abnormal facial features.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Fetus\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"The developing human organism from nine weeks after conception to birth.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Formal Operational Stage\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"In Piaget's Theory, the stage, beginning around twelve years of age, during which logical thoughts regarding abstract concepts begin to form.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Gender\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"In psychology, the socially influenced characteristics through which, \"boy, \"\"girl, \"\"man, \"and, \"woman, \"are defined.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Gender Identity\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"The sense of being male, female, or some other variation thereof.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Gender Role\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"A set of expected behaviors, attitudes, and traits for males or females.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Gender Typing\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Habituation\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Decreasing responsiveness with repeated exposure to a stimulus.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Identity\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"That sense of oneself; according to Erikson, the task of the adolescent is to solidify a sense of self through testing and integrating various roles.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Imprinting\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"The process by which certain beings form strong attachments during early life.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Insecure Attachment\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Demonstrated by infants who display either a clinging anxious attachment or an avoidant attachment which resists closeness.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Intersex\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"A condition present at birth due to unusual combinations of male and female chromosomes, hormones, and anatomy; simply, possessing biological characteristics of both sexes.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Intimacy\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"In Erikson's Theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in young adulthood.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Longitudinal Study\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Research which follows and retests the same beings over time.\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Maturation\n"}]}

{"ops":[{"insert":"Biological growth processes which enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience.\n"}]}