Why did the scarecrow become popular? Because he was outstanding in his field!
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{"ops":[{"insert":"citizens redistricting commission \n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"group of fourteen mapmakers, chosen through a rigorous process stipulated in prop. 11\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"superagency\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"large state agency that oversees smaller departments, boards, and commissions relating to a general area of state policy, headed by a secretary who is part of the governor's cabinet \n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"line-item veto \n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"a governor's ability to cross out or veto items within a spending bill, also know as \"blue pencil authority\"\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"gubernational\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"of or relating to the governor \n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"executive orders\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"governor's written instructions to state employees about how to implement a state law or policy \n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"executive \n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"an official who possesses the power to carry out or implement laws and policies\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"department of finance (DOF)\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"organization in the governor's office that compiles information about state agency finances and pop. demographics and constructs the governor's version of the state's annual budget\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"trifecta\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"one political party holds a majority in both chambers of the legislature and the governor's office \n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"term limits\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"a restriction on the number of times a person can be elected to or serve in an elective office \n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"statute\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"a formal or unwritten law\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"stakeholder\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"an entity such as an individual, group, government agency, business, or organization that has an interest in the outcome of a gov. decision because it is either directly or indirectly affects by the outcomes\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"redistricting \n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"the process of redrawing the district lines for representation; a citizen's commission completes this task in California designing single member districts\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"policy making \n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"what government chooses to do or not to do about an issue\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"party caucus\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"formal organization of all members of a political party\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"open seat\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"an election in which no incumbent is defending the seat\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"legislation\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"laws or proposed laws\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"lawmaking\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"codifying rules of conduct or formalizing the rules about what practices are acceptable in a society; also called \"legislating\"\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"incumbent\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"person who currently holds an elected seat; for example, a legislator\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"fiscal year\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"the twelve months for which a budget is effective\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"constituent\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"person who resides in a district that is represented by an elected official\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"constituency service \n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"actions lawmakers take to address the particular needs of individuals in their district \n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"citizens redistricting commission\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"group of fourteen mapmakers, chosen through a rigorous process stipulated in prop 11\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"caucus\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"an organization through which like-minded legislators coordinate their policymaking efforts \n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"bipartisanship\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"agreement or cooperation between members of two opposing political parties such as when republicans and democrats work together \n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"big three\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"speaker of the assembly, president pro tem of the senate, and the governor. these three usually confer and negotiate over big bills and the budget\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"referendum\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"in california a statewide vote held to allow the people to reject or retain a law recently passed by the legislature and signed into law by the governor \n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"recall\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"an election in which the people may decide to force a sitting elected official from office and replace that person with a new representative\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"proposition\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"a proposed state law or constitutional amendment that appears on an election ballot for the voters' consideration\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"parcel tax\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"method of raising local revenues by assessing a characteristic of a property, such as square footage or number of units\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"legislatively referred measure\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"a proposed state law (statute) constitutional amendment, or bond that the legislature has passed and that requires voter approval to take effect\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"indirect initiative\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"citizen proposed law that must be first considered by the legislature, which then may adopt it; if not adopted, it will appear on the next election ballot \n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"direct initiative \n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"a citizen proposed law that requires a vote of the people instead of the legislature to become law \n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"ballot measure\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"a proposed law or amendment to the state constitution or local charter that appears on an election ballot for the voters' consideration, usually labeled as \"proposition #\" or \"measure \"\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"supermajority\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"majority rule that requires a threshold above 50 percent plus one. the threshold is commonly 2/3 in california for raising taxes and passing urgency measures\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"redlining\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"residential zoning practice whereby certain areas are declared \"off-limits\" to members of minority groups, indicated by red lines on city maps; until 1967 this was employed as a means of keeping African Americans and other minorities from settling in \"white\" neighborhoods\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"realignment\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"the process of shifting state prison inmates to county jails and patrol in order to reduce prison overcrowding\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"proposition 12\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"a landmark proposition in 1978 that limited property taxes to 1 percent of the purchase price of a property and imposed a 2/3 vote threshold for raising taxes\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"progressives\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"members of a national political movements that took root in state-based political parties of that name in the early 1900s they tried to reform government to rid it of special interests and return it to \"the people\" notable actions in California included electoral reforms such as the establishment of direct democracy\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"professionalization\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"proposition 1A in 1966 made the state legislature a full-time operation resembling the US Congress; professional legislators have high salaries, many full-time staff members, and year-round sessions\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"patronage \n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"the awarding of government jobs to political party loyalists\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"nonpartisan elections \n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"elections in which names of candidates appear on ballots without reference to their partisan identification\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"gentrification\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"movement of affluent residents into renovated city zones from which poorer residents have been displaced\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"cross-filing\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"an early form of an open primary election, in which the name of any candidate could appear on any political party's primary election ballot. official in effect in California from 1913 to 1959\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"civil service\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"gov. employment that is not based on political party loyalty alone but rather on merit that is usually earned through professional training and experience\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"big four\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"collis huntington, mark Hopkins, Leland stanford, and Charles Crocker, four railroad tycoons who wielded disproportionate influence over California politics, having owned the central pacific railroad that built the western length of the transcontinental railroad\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"politics\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"a process of bargaining and compromise through which people with differing goals and ideals try to manage their conflicts by working together to allocate values for society\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"political culture \n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"the attitudes, beliefs, and values about government that a majority in a state hold, as expressed in their customs and the political choices its citizens and leaders make \n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"norms\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"unwritten rules that guide acceptable or expected behavior, enforced through daily interactions\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"institutions\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"systems and organizations that help people solve their collective action problems by defining particular roles and rules for those who participate in them and by managing conflict\n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"hybrid political system\n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"political system that combines elements of direct and representative democracy \n"}]}####{"ops":[{"insert":"collective action \n"}]}##{"ops":[{"insert":"working together for mutual benefit\n"}]}####